Executive Summary - 1440 Words

Executive Summary - Infection Control and Prevention Current Compliance Status for Joint Commission Accreditation Nightingale Community Hospital is committed to providing healthcare excellence, a healing environment and to be the choice for patient care. In order to continue to provide quality healthcare services in accordance with our values of safety, community, teamwork, and accountability Joint Commission Accreditation provides guidelines and standards for the Priority Focus Areas (PFA) for the welfare and quality of patient care. Infection control and prevention extends beyond treating the patient. It encompasses all who work and visit the facility including medical staff, administrative staff, volunteers, vendors, and†¦show more content†¦These policies and practices meet regulatory requirements and are aligned with evidence-based standards 8. Implement a laboratory-based alert system that identifies new patients with MDROs. 9. Implement an alert system that identifies readmitted or transferred patients who are known to be positive for multidrug-resistant organisms. Corrective Action Plan Perform quarterly risk assessments of MDROs transmission and acquisition. Provide annual educational seminars to staff and practitioners regarding the transmission, reduction, control, and prevention of HIAs based on the quarterly risk assessment outcomes. Focus on family and patient education to bring awareness of reduction, prevention, and treatment of MDROs. Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) surveillance should identify the population who are of greater risk for contraction or transmission of MDROs over a 12- month period. During the monitoring period treatments and outcomes should be measured to determine the effectiveness and adherence of protocols. Monitor isolation to assess risks. Prepare quarterly reports to key stakeholder regarding HIAs monitoring, protocols, and outcomes. Review and incorporate evidence-based standards to reduce, prevent, and treat HIAs that meet regulatory standards from organizations such as Center for Disease Control (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and World Health Organization (WHO). Implement real-timeShow MoreRelatedCja 394 Court Managment Executive Summary Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesCourt Management Executive Summary Learning Team HERE Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice/CJA 394 May 28, 2013 Amanda Behl Overview The American court system is quite daunting and complicated. Consequently, the assistance previous available is no longer accessible resulting from budgetary issues. Therefore, strategic planning goals and management skills are essential to providing an efficient and smooth operating judicial system. 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A Comparison of Religions - 1177 Words

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all different types of Abrahamic religions. Abrahamic religions are the monotheistic faiths of the world. The most prominent of these are in fact Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all of which can trace their religious origins back to Abraham (Bowker, 2008). Abraham is considered the ancestor of Israelites, the first Jewish believers, through his son Isaac. Isaac is generally associated with the foundation of the Israelite people while Abrahams other son, Ishmael, is linked with Muhammad as Arabs and believers of Islam are considered descendants of Ishmael (Bowker, 2008). These religions share common origins and beliefs. The religion and belief in Christianity began as a sect of Judaism, and also shares the recognition of Jesus Christ as a prophet with individuals who believe in Islam (Bowker, 2008). The greatest characteristic that all of these different religions share is their belief that God revealed himself to Abraham. Members of these respec tive religions also believe that God is an all-powerful creator. Another common trait of Abrahamic religions is their belief that God reveals himself to prophets, who act as his messengers and guide humanity through their revelations. Through these messengers the belief of Judaism, Islam and Christianity were spread in their respective locations (Bowker, 2008). As more and more believers were attracted to these religious ideals, the idea of God as a savior was reinforced. Although the beliefsShow MoreRelatedReflection On And Comparison Of Religions1598 Words   |  7 PagesReflection on and Comparison of Religions I identify as a Catholic whose Portuguese upbringing prominently influenced my religious background. My cultural values and faith are so intertwined that I view both elements as one aspect of my identity rather than two separate entities. 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These two religions were practiced in different areas and at different times and, therefore, show that religion has played a critical role in every society and civilization. No matter how it is organized or what type

In the novel George and Lennie appear different to the other ranch hands because they stay together, what ever they decide to Essay Example For Students

In the novel George and Lennie appear different to the other ranch hands because they stay together, what ever they decide to Essay In the novel George and Lennie appear different to the other ranch hands because they stay together, what ever they decide to. The main reason for this is because Lennie has a mental age of a young child and not able to look after himself properly so George looks after him. Despite Lennie being confused easily he is sure of his friendship aint nobody goin to no hurt to George. This shows the Lennie is very protective of George and will not let anything bad happen to him. They all so share a dream, a dream of owning their own piece of land and to live of the fat of the land and not have to depend on anyone. The ranch that George and Lennie go to is called Soledad. Soledad is the Spanish word for loneliness. The ranch itself is very isolated. We get this feeling because we never leave the ranch as readers; we only get told about the men going into town. When Curleys hand gets hurt in the fight he has with Lennie, we do not see him go to the doctors, but just hear about it Carlsons gonna take you to a doctor. So because of this it gives us the feeling that the doctors and the main town is far away from the ranch. The workers on the ranch are solitary and always on the move. We know this because when George and Lennie first come to the ranch, Candy, an old swamper shows them to the bunkhouse and tells George that the man that had this bed before him left heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦just quit, the way a guy will. George and Lennie are found unusual by slim one of the ranch hands because they travel around together instead of on their own like everyone else. Everyone is passing through the ranch, all except Candy and Crooks. This is because Candy is old and only has one hand and crooks, stays on the ranch because he is coloured. Both of them know if they were to leave the ranch they would not have anywhere to go and they probably would not get a job on a different ranch. Both candy and crooks will stay on this ranch until they become too much trouble for the owner and are forced to leave. When the men get paid at the end of the month, they all go into town except Lennie crooks and candy they have a few ahcolh drinks and then pay women for their company. This shows that the men have no one perment in their lives wife, children ect and to make themselves fell better about being on their own the pay women. When we first meet Curleys wife, she looks like a prostitute as she has rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were redà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She wore a cotton housedress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. Even some of the ranch hands think this well I think Curleys married à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a tart. This shows that Curleys wife has flirted with some of them. All this shows that she is trying to stand out from everyone and everything including the ranch itself, as she is the only woman that we see it gives us the feeling that she has no one to talk to as all the men work and is very lonely indeed. Whenever she gets the chance to talk to o the men, she flirts with the as much as she can, just to make sure they notice her. .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .postImageUrl , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:hover , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:visited , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:active { border:0!important; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:active , .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90de0a1d2854bd90fad18e5d0d24885d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social and historical context of the play EssayThe men will try to avoid her as much as they can this is only because she is married to the bosses son Curley and most of the men are not so much scared of Curley himself but are scared in case they get caned lose their job. This isolates her even more, but she is aware of how the men are treating her. She is always going into the bunck house looking for Curley. This shows that she is bored and wants something to do, someone to talk to. Think I dont like to talk to somebody every once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? This shows us that all she wants to do is talk to somebody and get out of the house, as she is not a trophy for Curley to show off but an actual human being. We learn that Curleys wife also has a dream. Her dream is that she could have been a film star actress. This dream isolates her again, because in realality she is lonely and her dream is unattainable. John Steinbeck based his novel in the 1930s depression. When migrant works flooded the Californian states in search of work. It has been said that the main charters in the novel are a symphony of loneliness.

Property Market Analysis Report

Executive Summary Property markets are important pillars of any economy. The trends displayed in these markets determine how an industry performs. There is the need for appropriate research before an organisation can commit any finance into any property market. Some of the considerations that must be made include the performance of the regional local and international economies in the involved sector. The use of appropriate data must also be applied to substantiate the decisions made on the investments (Saggi 2013).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Property Market Analysis Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rushcliffe Asset Managers is the UK operation of an international firm of fund managers, with  £25bn of assets under management. The firm intends to spend  £5bn in direct property market. The research department is crucial in the provision of data to advice on the investment decision. The deci sion will be based on future weightings in three areas, namely the City, West End, and Docklands office markets in London; the Puxi and Pudong office markets in Shanghai’ and the downtown, midtown, and midtown south office markets in New York. The data obtained in the study of the above office market was used in the preparation of this report, which contains the prospects for these markets over the next three years, the current trends, the threats, and opportunities within these markets. The approach for the report involved a study of secondary material such as market reports, professional and academic journals, newspapers, government reports, and statistics. The report contains both qualitative and quantitative evidence to support the decisions taken in the respective markets. Quantitative evidence provided for these markets include local, regional and national economic data, rents and yields, vacancy rates, and development activity. Some of the qualitative material provided will include the pattern of land and property use, the quality and form of buildings and locations, planning policy, regeneration schemes, and any other factors that are considered relevant. Shanghai Office Markets Current Market Conditions Shanghai is a modern city in China with experiences in development as witnessed in the mainland China (Zheng 2011). The city has experienced development over the last few years in keeping with the growth of the Chinese economy. Shanghai continues to be one of the strongest performers of the mainland cities of China. The GDP for the city alone had a growth rate of 13.5% recorded between 2000 and 2010 (Smith 2013). Some of the developments in this city over the past decade include the transformation into an international financial hub occasioned by the decisions made by the state council in 2009 (Smith 2013). A 2013 joint index ranked the city the first among 45 cities in terms of growth and development in China, ahead of Hong Kong and other citie s (Smith 2013).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The city also has some incentives that are meant to lure investors in the property markets. These incentives include a reduction in taxes and a decrease of procedures that are required in the setting up of branch offices. The city has a growth in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) of 20.5%, with over 50 regional headquarters being opened because of these changes (Smith 2013). Pudong recorded most of the above results, with the main section of growth being the Lujiazui district, which is an industrial zone (Frank 2013). This zone recorded an increase in stock of over 95% between the same periods. Office Markets Shanghai is experiencing growth in the office market occasioned by a number of rulings, policy changes, and better economic performance. Between 2000 and 2012, there was a recorded increase in the Grade A office mar ket by 120%, with those available being 5.5m sq. metres by the end of 2012 (Smith 2013). Pudong posted growth in demand for office space. The area has emerged from the traditional fishing economic activity and rice farming to boast of some of the most advanced skyscrapers in the country. The demand for office space in Pudong is also high, with the supply coming short of this demand in the period between 2000 and 2012 (‘Shanghai Offices Quarterly 2013). The key contributor to the growth in the office space demand in this region of Shanghai is the entry of foreign investors with the need for local branches and franchises. The main users and occupiers of office space in the area, however, changed after the global economic crisis, with the local industries overtaking foreign ones, which were the most hit by the crisis (Jackson, Stevenson, Watkins 2008). The expatriate population is important in the determination of office space demand because most of these people are home renters whose number determines the demand for housing units and offices. There was an increase in this population by 48% between 2008 and 2010, with the population standing at 208,602 (Manaf et al. 2013). The occupancy rate in the city is reported to increase between 2011 and 2012. This boost sparked another increase in rent in the same period (Frank 2013). Apart from Pudong, the other popular area on Shanghai for office space is Puxi, which has experienced growth in the demand for office space for both commercial and residential use. The area is being fronted as the leader in Grade A office space in the next few years.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Property Market Analysis Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Decentralised Office Market Shanghai has invested in the development of decentralised Grade A space as a new policy in its office market. The city is a pioneer in grade A space in the mainland Chin a, with an increase that is set to take place around the Central Business District (Cao, Wang 2009). The developments in infrastructure in and around the city are targeted to encourage the development of the city space outside the CBD, with this plan set to increase the economic outlook for the city (Braun 2013; Cao, Edwards 2002). The metro rail is an example of infrastructure project with the aim of this development. The decentralised strategy has proved to be a major step in the development of office space in Shanghai. More than half of tenants in the grade A office space are said to be former inhabitants of the CBD (Chen 2011). The decentralised office market has considerably grown over the last number of years in China, only constituting 331,000 sq.m of space in 2009. This later grew to nearly 1.8 m in 2013. More projects have been proposed to oversee the increase in this kind of office space (Qulin, White 2013). Most of the major developments in the decentralised Grade A sp ace are planned for Puxi. The area is predicted to have the biggest share of these spaces in the near future (Ness 2000). Puxi is also set to benefit from the project based on the large population that occupies the place, with over 75% of the urban population in Shanghai living there (Lin 2010). Puxi also has the largest share of the office space in the city, with the largest number of the Grade A office space being occupied by the population. The river in the city serves as a divide for the office space, with tenants choosing to live in one side of the river where the offices are located close to their workplace. Most of the major macroeconomic indicators in the Chinese economy favoured the development of the real estate industry and property markets. The DGP is said to have increased by 7.8% for the first quarter of 2013, reaching RMB493.7 billion (Lasalle 2013). Some of the changes that were crucial are indicated in the table below. Economic indicators, Q1 2013 Economic indi cator Figure YoY change (%) Shanghai Gross Domestic Product (GDP) RMB493.7 billion 7.8% Fixed asset investment RMB5,100 billion 10.3% Real estate investment RMB57.5 billion 21.9% Export and import US$101.2 billion -1.2% Utilised Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) US$3.67 billion 10.2% Consumer Price Index (CPI) 102.3 (same period of the previous year = 100) Source: Knight Frank Research /Shanghai Statistics BureauAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The opportunities available for this market include the growing number of investors in the region, the growing infrastructure developments, and the changing of policies to newer and amore facilitative ones (Lasalle 2013). Some of the other opportunities include the better regional and national economic performance, which will also oversee the development of the market and/or lead to growth. The rents have been increasing over the last few years in the areas of Shanghai. This can also mean better returns if investments are made in this sector of the industry. Rent, Sales, and Investment in the Puxi and Pudong Rent has continued to improve in Shanghai as stated above, with the average rent for Grade A offices being RMB9.1 per sq. m per day (Frank 2013). In Pudong and Puxi, the first quarter of 2013 was marked by an increase in office rent to reach RMB9.2 and 9.0 per sq. m per day respectively (Frank 2013). Pudong recorded the highest increase in the rent after being driven by the redu ced supply compared to Puxi, which had a constant office space supply (Frank 2013). Prime office market indicators, Q12013 Submarket Rent (RMB/sqm/day) Rent % change (QoQ) Vacancy Rate Vacancy rate percentage point change(QoQ) Huangpu 9.2 ï€ £0.1% 5.4% ï€ ¤0.3 Jing’an 11.9 ï€ ± 3.1% ï€ ¤0.1 Pudong 9.6 ï€ £0.1% 5.3% ï€ £0.9 Puxi 9.3 ï€ £0.7% 4.0% ï€ ¤0.8 Changning 7.7 ï€ £0.9% 4.4% ï€ ¤0.1 Source: Knight Frank Research The investments in Puxi and Pudong grew over the last decade. The most significant of this growth was observed over the last few years. The growth in investments and sales over the period was influenced by the corresponding growth in the economy, the investments in the sector, and the high returns expected in the preceding years (Lasalle 2013). Examples of development activities that are set to influence the growth in office space include the urban metro linking the cities, the large infrastructure projects withi n Shanghai and the growing number of foreigners and their input into the Shanghai economy, and the national economy in general (Lasalle 2013). The main threats to the office market here include the strict government policies in some sectors such as the banking and insurance industries. The pattern of land and property use in the city is mainly for rental purposes. Many companies are building the office space for rental purposes. The office blocks are the dominant buildings in the architectural marvel that Shanghai is putting up. The investments in office blocks have increased in the past three years, with most of the growth being propagated by the foreign investment taking place in the city. Future Trends The office markets in Shanghai and the property markets in general are expected to continue in the trend above. The rents in Puxi and Pudong are set to remain high, with property developers set to gain from the profit that the move generates (China real estate report: includes 5-ye ar forecasts to 2017, 2013). The supply for the office space in these areas is also set to remain below the demand, with this having positive effects on any investments in this market over the next three years (Qiulin, Michael 2009). The trends on the renting of office blocks will also continue due to the restrictions on the purchase of office space in Puxi and Pudong. In terms of demand, the well performing economy in the region and in Shanghai will encourage foreign investment over the next three years (Li 2011). The entry of multinational companies in the country and in Shanghai will drive the demand for office space. This will be a factor in the rents being paid. The inflow of expatriates into the region will be marked over the next three years. The combination of this and the above factor will also result in increased demand for office space (Hui, Zheng 2012). Other macroeconomic factors will see the office markets improve over the next three years to favour investment in thi s area. One of these factors lies in the policy formulation area where the authorities in the country have made Shanghai a shipping and financial centre for both China and the region (Lasalle 2013). As companies invest in the port and the surrounding areas to tap the potential created by this new status, the demand for office space will increase. It is likely that the supply will remain low, thus driving the prices of office space and rent. Based on the prospects that the Chinese economy, the region, and Shanghai hold in the office space markets in the next three years, it is necessary for Rushcliffe Asset Managers to invest. Of the  £5bn that the firm intends to spend in the direct property market, the research department will therefore recommend that a significant part of the money be invested here. The exact amount that is proposed is  £3bn, which will be a profitable investment. The threats posed by the investment are minimal. The economy can withstand major changes on the g lobal front. The Chinese economy also performed better in the wake of the global financial crisis compared to the UK and the USA, with China being a significantly safer place to invest (Thanasi, Hysi 2013). The better economic performance, sustained growth in GDP, and the economy are also favourable for investment in the property markets in China and Shanghai in particular. Between Puxi and Pudong, the area that the firm should invest more is Puxi because the statistical findings support the continued growth for this region over the next three years. This will be an advantage for the firm (Lasalle 2013). London Office Markets Current Market Conditions London is the economic and financial capital of the United Kingdom. There has been observed trends in the property markets in the city. In the wake of the global economic crisis, there was poor performance of the property markets in the country. London was one of the cities affected. There was negative growth in the industry, with the market being reported to decline for the years following 2007 (Russell 2013). Measures were put in place in the industry and the economy in general. This move has meant an improved performance in the sector. The major opportunities in the industry for the property markets and office market in particular lie in the strong economic performance that the city has posted over the last few years (Russell 2013). The UK economy has also been on a growing run, with recovery from the global crisis being evident. The individual markets in the city are also on a growth path, including a recorded growth in the tourism and foreign investment. The use of office space in the city such as in Shanghai is also by local and multinational firms. However, local companies account for the larger proportion. The following is an analysis of performance for the office market across the City, West End, and Docklands in the city of London for 2013. Since the 2007 crisis that has been reported above, there has been a reduction in sales since the last peak by 40%, with a resultant decline in rents by about 30% (Nygaard, Meen 2013). Some of the likely effects of this outcome in the future include the weakening of the market as the demand for the office space deteriorates. Supply will also increase after the recovery period, thus further driving down the sales and rent (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The London office space market comprises five smaller markets, which are considered in the discussions in this industry. The largest two of these markets, however, are the West End and the City of London, accounting for about 75% of the total stock when combined (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The West End market has generated considerable growth, with the market emerging stronger than other markets in terms of growth. West End In the first quarter of 2013, the West End office market had a take-up of 0.76m sq. ft. with this being an increase of about 8% of the previous year of 2012 (Russell 2013). The 5-year ave rage was however o.83m sq. ft. (Russell 2013). In this side of the market, the most dominant occupiers of office space are the financial service providers, which accounted for 22% of all lettings in the area (Russell 2013). The sector that had the second highest letting was TMT, with the main reason being its desire to diversify its services from the traditional markets. The demands in West End for office space are customer driven, with the clients determining the exact amount and form of office space to be occupied. The traditional core in the area consists of Mayfair and St James. However, there are newer developments taking place in West End (Russell 2013). Some of the newer inhabitants of the TMT sector are now moving away from the traditional core, with investments taking place in the modern areas (Stevenson 2007). The prime rents have also increased considerably. In the first quarter of 2013, St James and Mayfair reported an increase to  £105 per sq. ft. (Russell 2013). Anot her part of West End that realised increased growth in the rent is the Northern of Oxford Street West area, with the highest record being  £90 per sq. ft. that was charged in the region of 10 Portman Square (Russell 2013). The West End core area has a restricted development due to scarcity of space. With this situation acting to limit the development in the area, the prime rents will continue in their upward trend. Available spaces around West End were also reported to fall to a value of 3.66m sq. ft., with this also contributing to the demand for space in the area (Russell 2013). There was market development in the office market at West End, with more space being added to the total space available. An increase of 1.6m sq. ft. was anticipated for 2013 (Russell 2013). The vacancy rate in West End is declining, with the initial peak being realised in 2009 immediately after the recession (Russell 2013). The economy has responded slowly, with the decline slowing down until 2013. The p eak in the vacancy rate observed in 2009 corresponded with a drop in the prime rents in West End. 2013 recorded significant improvements in this figure. The future trends that can be predicted in the values include a decrease in the vacancy rate, with a corresponding increase in the prime rents. City This region is another performing part of London office markets. It had been on considerable growth since the economic crisis that hit the region. However, the market has been experiencing considerable failures, with 2013 seeing a fall in the space to about 18% (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The first quarter of the year had a total area of office space let at 1.02 million sq. ft. (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The major occupiers of office space in this part of the London market are insurance companies, with the sector accounting for a proportion of 27% of the space let in this period of the year (Nygaard, Meen 2013). Some of the buildings in the area were already half pre-let before completion. The City office space market has attracted a number of multinationals and local companies, with the local companies taking up the larger office spaces. The main local companies that have office space in the area include Tesco that has opened a branch at Farringdon and Genesis Oil and Gas that has a branch at St Pauls (Jones, 2013). 2013 saw an increase in the office space in the City’s office market although this was significantly lower as compared to West End’s growth in office space. The rise in prime rents and a fall in the vacancy rates corresponded with those of West End, proving that the probable macroeconomic factor that occasioned the change was the global economic crisis or the national economic performance. The prime rents increased from the lows of 2009, with the vacancy rates decreasing over the same period (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The outlook in performance for this particular market looks less promising as compared to West End and other markets in London (Moran 2005). The demand for office space will likely improve although this improvement will not be enough to warrant investment in the market. The supply is also likely to increase due to the increased performance of the national as well as regional and global economies. Docklands Docklands is another of the markets that have established office markets. The main reasons for development in the office market in this part of land are the efficient infrastructure that it processes. The market has recorded a poor performance of all the other markets in London. The development of office space in Docklands has significantly been on the decline, with only a few projects taking place in 2013 (Nygaard, Meen 2013). One of the only major projects that took place here in 2013 in the development of office space is the construction of European Medicines Agency. This will contribute an additional 290,000 sq. ft. to the total office space in the area (Hendershott, Lizieri, MacGregor 2010). The prime re nts in the area remained high. These rents are expected to remain high in the period over the next three years. The development of office space will however remain low. As such, the market is unlikely to peak. The main threats that the London office market faces are in the unstable markets and the low rents that are likely to emerge from the slowing industry (Mouzakis, Richards 2007). Future Weightings The future of the London Office Market will see developments in some areas, with the negative performance being observed in other areas such as Docklands being persistent. The macroeconomic factors determining the performance of these office markets such as the economic performance for the UK are also likely to improve, although this case is unlikely to have any significant effects on the office markets. The London economy is well out of the global economic crisis. However, effects such as the reduction in the demand for office space are likely to persist (Nygaard, Meen 2013). The p remium rents will also remain unattractive for investors, with this providing little return. The regional and global markets will however continue to be favourable for investments in the London office market. Based on the considerations in the performance of the local and regional economies in London, the research department in Rushcliffe proposes minimal investment in this market. The only promising office market in the London office market is the City office market, with the land and office use here being favourable for investors in office space. A recommendation, therefore, follows that Rushcliffe Asset Managers need to invest only a small proportion of the  £5 billion. The exact amount proposed is  £0.5 billion. This should be invested in the City office market. The rents in this part of London will be adequate to assure the company of appropriate yields. New York Office Markets The United States economy is one of the economies that were hardest hit by the global economic cr isis, with the office markets in New York experiencing the effects of these conditions. The economy recovered in the years after 2009, with investments in the office markets all over the country taking an upward turn (Van Buren 2013; West 2011). The office sector in the country, specifically New York, continued to improve in 2011 and 2013, with the sales volume increasing every year. This section is a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the New York office market, with the intention of predicting the future trends of the office markets in downtown, midtown, and midtown south office markets in New York. Current Market Conditions The New York Manhattan office market consisting of downtown, midtown, and midtown south has continued on a positive performance, with the transaction volumes improving every year since 2009 (‘Manhattan Office Market Decline Slowing’ 2009). There was growth in the transactions observed in the first and second quarter of 2013 (Pincus 2013), wi th this being a continuation of the trend observed in the previous years (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The constructions in office space also improved, with the second quarter of 2013 standing at 13,287,564 square feet (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The European Debt crisis affected the office market in the market, thus causing delays in leasing by financial service firms. Some of the other factors that affected the leasing include the regulatory policies in the US and their tax deficits (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). Hurricane Sandy has had significant effects on the New York real estate markets. One of the results is higher rents (Pincus 2013). One of the leasing activities that took place in the past year includes the lease renewal in midtown by Simpson Thatcher Bartlett, with the amount of space being 595,000 square feet (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The other macroeconomic factors in New York remained favourable for the office market. The measures put in place were sufficient to ensure that the unemployment rate reduced, with the second quarter of 2013 having a rate of 8.2% (Pincus 2013). A major project that will see the creation of more jobs in this market is the Chelsea Market expansion, with more than 1000 jobs being created in the end. Midtown Office Market The asking rate for Midtown increased over the past few years after the economic crisis (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The asking rate had reached $61.49 in the second quarter of 2013, with this being an improvement from the previous year’s asking rate of $59.79 (Pincus 2013). The construction in this area of New York also improved, with 3.6 million square feet under construction in 2013 (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The leasing also improved in 2013, with the market having a number of leases above 100,000 square feet. Some of these leases include those made by Simpson, Thatcher Bartlett, L’Oreal USA, and the lease by Metropolitan Pavilion, with the entire lease for each of the individual companies bei ng over 200,000 square feet (‘Cushman to market midtown’s biggest block of office space’ 2013). The sales in this part of town also improved, with some of those made being to Deusche Asset and Wealth Management (Haughney 2005). Some of the other sales made were also significantly large, with a number of them being above the $250 billion mark. The vacancy rates remained constant in 2013, with only slight changes from 2013. The net absorption in this market also remained unchanged for 2013, with only a slight drop being recorded. Construction in the Midtown area increased, with the office space increasing significantly over the past few years (Cole 2011). The construction in these sectors is set to improve, with the spaces being utilised mostly by the local and multinational companies. Asking rents increased only significantly. However, the beginning of 2013 saw no changes in this portion of the market. Midtown South Just like the other office markets in New York, the Midtown South office market continued with positive performance experiencing positive growth in 2013 (Barbarino 2012). The net absorption however was poor performing, with the square feet reducing over 2013. The vacancy rates were unchanged in 2013 compared to other previous years. The rate remained constant throughout the year. This submarket has remained attractive to investors, with the Chelsea district being among the top in the country (Rowan 2013, p. 15). The other attractive area in Midtown South apart from Chelsea is the Greenwich Village. One of the investors that have recently taken up large office spaces in the form of leases is App Nexus, which took the largest lease for the year ended (Sandher 2012). The submarket also saw significant sales being made here, with one of these sales being to Clarion Partners for 277,412 square feet (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). Some of the other sales made in the submarket include the purchase of James Hotel made by Prudential Real Estat e Investors, with other private investors purchasing office space in the area (Duncan 2013). The vacancy rates are expected to remain high over the next three years, with construction, asking rents, and net absorption increasing over the same period. The market is going to experience growth coupled by good economic performance both regionally and nationally. Downtown Downtown was one of the office markets in New York that had a different outlook over the past few years compared to the other markets. The asking rent remained lower compared to other office markets in the US, especially compared to the neighbouring markets (Beauregard 2005). The rent has however improved over the years since the economic downturn in 2008. Some lease agreements were made in this submarket in 2013, with the major one being that by Nyack College totalling to 166, 385 square feet (Kane 2013). Some of the other leases made include those by Conde Nast and Green Ivy School (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The inves tments in this area included the transactions by 2 Rector Street worth $140 million (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The overall vacancy has continued to fall in the Downtown New York submarket, with the average rent rate remaining high (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). The net absorption has also increased over the last few years in this market. There will be an increase predicted in the next three years. Construction is likely to increase over the next three years, with the markets experiencing growth in this submarket. Future Weightings The New York office markets above are likely to improve over the next three years, with the trends set to remain the same as they have been over the last year. One of the driving forces in the improvement to be noted is the relatively strong economic performance that the economy in the US will see with the complete recovery from the economic crisis. Another of the macroeconomic factors that will influence the growth in office spaces in New York is the creation of employment that the government has managed to achieve. The market will see an increase in the construction industry mainly in Midtown area, with the rents improving for maximum investment returns. The demand for office spaces is not likely to reduce over the next three years. This demand will be driven by the multinational companies and other local companies seeking to consolidate their hold on the local economy. The opportunities available in the New York office markets include the presence of strong financial markets, the presence of adequate labour and construction supplies, and the high demand for office space (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). There are however several threats to investments in the office markets in the New York office market. Some of the threats to the office markets include the European arrears predicament that has led to postponement of leasing by monetary services institutions. Some of the other factors that may have affected the hiring in the office market in New York include the regulatory policies in the US and the tax deficits (Donohue, Meadwell 2013). In consideration of the above conditions in the New York office market over the last year and previous years, the market is likely to continue on a positive trend, thus favouring investment. Based on the considerations in the performance of the local and regional economies in New York, the research department in Rushcliffe proposes investment of the remaining money in the New York market, specifically in the Midtown submarket. The investment in this submarket will continue improving, with the land and office use being favourable for investors in office space. A recommendation therefore follows that Rushcliffe Asset Managers invests  £1.5 billion of the  £5 billion. This investment will be favourable for the company, with minimal risks of low returns. Conclusion The analysis of the office market for the three major markets evaluated provides appropriate data to enable the prediction of the performance of these markets over the next three years. The best performing market and one that investors should invest in is the Shanghai office market, specifically the Puxi submarket. The office market here will continue with positive performance, with opportunities for development being high in the market. The rents and investments in this market will be favourable for any investor in the market, with adequate returns for the same period. The London office market will be the worst performing of the three major markets, with the City submarket performing considerably better compared to its neighbouring submarkets in the London market. The reduced construction, poor rent performance, and the slow economic performance in London are some of the factors that are likely to lead to the poor office market performance over the next three years. The New York Manhattan office market consisting of downtown, midtown, and midtown south, office markets will experience considerable grow th over the next three years, with this being driven by the strong economic returns and the investor confidence that has been observed in the recent past. Of these three markets, the Midtown office submarket will be the best performing, leading to more construction and reduced unemployment. The macroeconomic factors in the region and national economies will act to increase the performance of the industry, although this situation is unlikely to match the performance of the Chinese markets. Because of the office market analysis, some of the recommendations of the research department in Rushcliffe Asset Managers can be made. The firm should invest the major proportion of money available into the Chinese office markets, specifically in Puxi office submarket in Shanghai. The amount that should be invested of the total  £5 billion is  £3 billion, which will be enough to guarantee maximum returns. The investments should also include  £1.5 billion in the New York markets, specifically in the Midtown submarket. The smallest proportion of this money ( £0.5 billion) should go to the London office market, specifically to the City office submarket based on the quantitative analysis of market activity and qualitative assessments of market conditions, the analysis of pattern of land and property use, the quality and form of buildings and locations, planning policy, and regeneration schemes for these markets. Therefore, with these expositions made in the paper on property market analysis, it suffices for any individual or organisation wishing to invest in the aforementioned regions to be aware of the region’s investment potential. This will help such a party of escape any risk of losing funds in case the region where the party has chosen to invest in fails to be productive. As a result, such a party needs to have knowledge on market trend if making a profit is its core agenda. For an organisation wishing to invest in China, the study has provided a clear analys is of the regions, which it is supposed to avoid together with those that will be fruitful. Similarly, the study has also specified the amount that such an organisation can plan to invest in the property market. References Barbarino, A 2012, ‘Midtown South juggernaut driving office market’, Real Estate Weekly, 4 March, p. 1. Beauregard, A 2005, ‘The textures of property markets: Downtown housing and office conversions in New York City’, Urban Studies (Routledge), vol. 42 no. 13, pp. 2431-2445. Braun, A 2013, ‘An Introduction to Market Components and Interactions’, Appraisal  Journal, vol. 81 no. 1, pp. 63-73. Cao, A Wang, H 2009, Chinese Real Estate Markets And Foreign Investment, University of Bradford, England. Cao, J Edwards, V 2002, ‘Why China has awakened: An institutional analysis of the office market in Beijing and Shanghai’, Briefings In Real Estate Finance, vol. 1 no. 4, p. 302. Chen, J 2011, ‘The Home Mortgage a nd Real Estate Market in Shanghai’, Housing Finance International, vol. 25 no. 4, pp. 32-38. China Real Estate Report 2013, 5-year forecasts to 2017 2013, China Real Estate Report, China. Cole, M 2011, Midtown South’s moment has arrived, Crain’s New York Business, New York, NY. ‘Cushman to market midtown’s biggest block of office space’ 2013, Real Estate Weekly, 16 June, p. 9. Donohue, S Meadwell, S 2013, ‘Midtown feels the squeeze’, Estates Gazette, 12 Jan., pp. 22-23. Duncan, E 2013, ‘Are Soaring Rents Turning Tenants From Midtown South?’, Real Estate Finance Investment, vol. 1 no. 1, p. 11. Frank, K 2013, Knight Frank Shanghai Offices Quarterly: Shanghai office market report Q1 2013, http://www.knightfrank.com.cn/ Haughney, C 2005, Midtown office rents, picking up, Crain’s New York Business, New York, NY. Hendershott, P, Lizieri, C MacGregor, B 2010, ‘Asymmetric Adjustment in the City of London Of fice Market’, Journal Of Real Estate Finance Economics, vol. 41 no. 1, pp. 80-101. Hui, E Zheng, X 2012, ‘Exploring the dynamic relationship between housing and retail property markets: an empirical study of Hong Kong’, Journal of Property Research, vol. 29, 2, pp. 85-102. Jackson, C, Stevenson, S Watkins, C 2008, ‘NY-LON: Does a Single Cross-Continental Office Market Exist? (Cover story)’, Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 79-92. Jones, C 2013, Office Markets Public Policy, Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Inc. Kane, D 2013, ‘Big Apple Tenants Consider Shifts Downtown’, Real Estate Finance Investment, vol. 1 no. 1, p. 32. Lasalle, J 2013, The Emergence of Shanghai’s Decentralised Office Market, https://www.joneslanglasalle.com.cn/ Li, H 2011, ‘The dynamics of the Shanghai land market – An intra-city analysis’, Cities, vol. 28 no. 5, pp. 372-380. Lin, W 2010, ‘I mpact of Urban Rapid Transit on Residential Property Values: An Empirical Analysis of the Shanghai Housing Market’, Chinese Economy, vol. 43 no. 2, pp. 33-52. Manaf, A, Er, A, Ismail, O, Lyndon, N, Sivapalan, S, Hussain, M, Saad, S, Zaimah, R, Sarmila, M, Fuad, M 2013, ‘Property Market Efficiency: Developed or Vacant Property’, Asian Social Science, vol. 9 no. 15, pp. 63-69. ‘Manhattan Office Market Decline Slowing’ 2009, Real Estate Finance Investment, Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Inc. Moran, M 2005, ‘The Central London retail property market: A fresh perspective’, Journal of Retail Leisure Property, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 78-89. Mouzakis, F Richards, D 2007, ‘Panel Data Modelling of Prime Office Rents: A Study of 12 Major European Markets’, Journal of Property Research, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 31-53. Ness, A 2000, ‘Shanghai’s Property Markets Begin to Converge’, China Business Review, vol. 27 no . 5, p. 36. Nygaard, C Meen, G 2013, ‘The Distribution of London Residential Property Prices and the Role of Spatial Lock-in’, Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.), vol. 50 no. 12, pp. 2535-2552. Pincus, A 2013, Price relief for Midtown South?, New York Real Estate, New York, NY. Qiulin, K Michael, W 2009, ‘An econometric analysis of Shanghai office rents’, Journal Of Property Investment Finance, vol. 27 no. 2, pp. 120-139. Qiulin, K White, M 2013, ‘A Tale of Two Chinese Cities: The Dynamics of Beijing and Shanghai Office Markets’, Journal Of Real Estate Portfolio Management, vol. 19 no. 1, pp. 31-47. Rowan, S 2013, ‘New Industrial Drives New York Office Growth’, Real Estate Finance Investment, vo. 1 no. 1, p. 15. Russell, L 2013, ‘West End is now the world’s most expensive office market’, Evening Standard, 18 December, p. 2. Saggi, K 2013, ‘Market Power in the Global Economy: The Exhaustion and Pr otection of Intellectual Property* Market Power in the Global Economy: The Exhaustion and Protection of Intellectual Property’, Economic Journal, vol. 123 no. 567, pp. 131-161. Sandher, H 2012, Midtown developers hope 13 will not be unlucky: speculative office developments will bring 750,000 sq ft to market by next June, Hardeep Sandher reports, London. Smith, S 2013, Savills World Research China: Asian Cities Report: Shanghai Office. Web. Stevenson, S 2007, ‘Exploring the Intra- Metropolitan Dynamics of the London Office Market’, Journal Of Real Estate Portfolio Management, vol. 13 no. 2, pp. 93-98. Thanasi, M Hysi, V 2013, ‘Impact of the Model of Taxation on Transferring Properties in Immovable Property Market in Albania’, Journal Of Finance, Accounting Management, vol. 4 no. 2, pp. 1-10. Van Buren, M 2013, ‘international matters: tech influx reboots NYC office market’, Estates Gazette, 12 Aug. p. 06. West, D 2011, ‘Valuation o f Community Land Trust Homes in New York State’, Journal Of Property Tax Assessment Administration, vol. 8 no. 4, pp. 15-24. Zheng, E 2011, ‘China’s Property and Casualty Insurance Market Set to Take Off’, China Business Review, vol. 38 no. 2, pp. 40-44. This research paper on Property Market Analysis Report was written and submitted by user Emilia Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Company Analysis Northwest Airlines Essays - American Brands

Company Analysis Northwest Airlines Company Analysis: Northwest Airlines Introduction to Business BN-1020 Dr. Randall By, James Academia Introduction Northwest Airlines is one of the pioneers in the airline transportation industry and is ranked at the fourth largest air carrier in the United States today. The success of the carrier depends on the quality and reliability of the service at a reasonable price. Close competitors force Northwest to innovate their services by increasing efficiency. This essay will try to examine different perspectives in the services needed to successfully complete the companys objectives. The analysis will explain historical and financial perspectives that may give a better understanding of the current market trend of the organization. Services Northwest Airlines is engaged principally in the commercial transportation of passengers and cargo. (5) NWA is a complete full service air transportation carrier that is the forth-largest air carrier in the world that services over 750 destinations located in 120 different countries on 6 continents. They operate 2,600 flights daily around the world and operate more than 200 nonstop between the United States and Asia each week. Headquarters is based in Minneapolis/St. Paul. The main connecting hubs are located at Detroit, Minneapolis, Memphis, and Tokyo. Northwest employs 50,600 employees nationwide as of Dec. 31, 1998. (6) NWA also has 1269 Stockholders as of Feb. 26, 1999. (6) Northwest continues to improve cargo shipping by proudly dedicating 12 Boeing 747 aircraft and easily becoming one of the largest cargo airlines in the world. (4) Cargo is very profitable for Northwest because Northwest has predicted cargo revenue will top the 900 million mark in 2000. (3) The enormous fleet o f aircraft contains 400 airplanes. (1) Northwest has subsidiaries wholly owned (Unless otherwise indicated by NWA) by Northwest Aircraft, Northwest Aerospace Training corps, MLT Inc, Express Airlines, and Express Airlines I. (6) History Northwest Airlines began service on October 1, 1926, flying mail between Minneapolis / St. Paul and Chicago. (2) They started passenger transportation in July 7, 1927. (2) Throughout the years Northwest has grown steadily by acquiring new system routes in the northwestern region of the USA. The year 1930 was a landmark in history because Northwest moved their home base operation to their present headquarters in St. Paul. The air service grew overnight with the acquisition of Southern Airways in 1936. Northwests famous red tail was introduced for the first time on February 1948. The reason why Northwest selected a red tail is because the majority of flights flew over the northern hemisphere. If a flight were to have an accident in snowy surroundings the red tail would easily identify the aircraft. Expansion efforts continue throughout the system but the largest and most significant expansion happened on January 6, 1986. Northwest agrees to purchase Republic Airways and Northwest employees increased from 17,000 employees to approximately 33,000 over night. Northwest continues to expand service in both European and southeastern Asian countries. In 1993, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines purchases 51% of Northwests common stock making KLM an owner and a code-sharing partner. Northwest finds that code sharing is beneficial towards the coverage of and expansion of their service so northwest acquire alliances with China Air, Continental Airlines, and Alaska Airlines to name a few. Northwest is still looking to expand their service coverage by obtaining new routes. Opinion Northwest Airlines has proved that their dedication to superior air service will be their main objective. The mission of the company clearly explains how Northwests corporate culture focuses on their main objectives. The people of Northwest Airlines will provide reliable, convenient, and consistent air transportation that meets or exceeds customer expectations and earns a sustainable profit (1) Northwest enforces values and guiding principles into the workers so that the customers and employees can get a full understanding of where the company stands concerning these issues. (1) Northwests Values 1. Safety First 2. Honesty and Integrity 3. Trustworthiness 4. Respect for self, others, and for property 5. Caring 6. Resourcefulness Guiding Principles 1. Never Compromise Safety 2. Always Emphasize Cleanliness 3. Always put customers first 4. Always support and inspire each other 5. Always strive to Improve These principles and values form the ideal employee. These positive ideals also create an ideal work environment and maintain high morals and attitudes in the workforce. My experience with Northwest has been very positive. I was able to travel to twelve different countries so far in my career

Ringling Museum essays

Ringling Museum essays The Ringling Museum of Art was worth the trip to Sarasota, Florida. At first I didnt know what to expect, I thought it would be a boring museum of prints or a limited collection on display for a period of time; however, this was not the case. At first I didnt put two and two together but upon arrival at the museum two plus two suddenly became four. John Ringling was co-founder and owner in 1884, along with his five brothers, of the Ringling Brothers Circus. Later in 1907 they acquired the Barnum Zan then in 1927 the Ringling Museum of Art and then later he added the winter quarters for the circus. Also during this time from about 1924 to 1931 John and his wife collected 600 pieces of various works of art including paintings, sculptures, and furniture for the museum. The various works of art spam from the 1500s through the Renaissance period to the 19th Century and include works from Francesco Salviati, Carlo Dolci, Paolo Veronese. John and Mable new of the importance of expo sing people to the artworks of the world and in 1930 the museum opened to the general public. Unfortunately six years after the opening of the museum John died in 1936 leaving this wonderful exhibit to the people of Florida. After ten years of turmoil over ownership the State of Florida in 1946 agreed to continue the legacy left by John and his wife. The Museum now comprises sixty-six acres including the new college...

Reflection for movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection for movie - Essay Example The Invisible War shows that such an assumption is not only false; it is horribly skewed by the media and the government itself because rape continues to be endemic to the army and unresolved enough to persist up to the present without any definite solutions for its prevention and remediation. The film demonstrates the irony between the image and the reality of female soldiers. The film starts with a patriotic song and testimonies of women, who dreamt of being soldiers, of serving their country and feeling pride in doing so. That is the ideal image. The reality is shattered when all of these women, once idealistic and patriotic, declared that they were all raped, not just once, but many times, in the army. It does not matter if they served in the Coast Guard, the Navy, the Army, or the Air Force. It does not matter where they where during their service. These women, who wanted to serve their country so sincerely and genuinely, were raped not long after starting their services. The U. S. government and the army want to send the image that they are gender-sensitive by hiring women, but they do not protect their rights and interests at all. With rape so pervasive in the army, it is a shame that they even hire women whom they cannot protect. The media and the government are in it, in hiding and undermining the invisible war, because rape continues to rise and prevention and remediation measures are barely accessible to the victims. ... Cioca’s broken jaw from the rape she experienced needs immediate surgery, but one year after her complaint, she does not get the financial support she needs. It is heartbreaking how, as a victim, the government either forgot her or consciously wants to forget about her. I do not want to think about conspiracy- that the government is purposely trying to kill these veteran soldiers who reported about rape that involved their superiors or peers. But when Cioca talked about the medicine that the government gave her, which when combined are lethal and already killed other vets, I am now doubtful of the motives of the government. If the government cared enough for these women, why not give them the therapy and resources they need to move on with their lives, aside from putting their rapists behind bars for their entire lifetime? None of these is happening. Why? The government and the army work together in perpetuating a patriarchal world, where women are still seen as sexual objects , as commodities that can be raped and thrown aside. Instead of offering laws, measures, and controls that will provide justice and support for the victims and that will prevent rape in the army, the government only offers empty promises to those who are raped. Patriarchy is not dead. It is in the government that is blind and deaf to the support and justice needed by raped veteran soldiers. It is in the army that does not provide proactive measures to stop rape and other justice and financial support services and resources for the rape victims. Patriarchy is alive. It must be killed. And we must wage an all-out war against it before another one of our valiant female soldiers get raped. Crying for Women that Others Do Not Cry for in No Woman, No Cry Christy Turlington

EXPLAINING bEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EXPLAINING bEHAVIOUR - Essay Example According the psychoanalytical theory of Freud, a child goes through a series of psychosexual stages as he grows up. Each stage is dominated by the development of sensitivity in a particular erogenous or pleasure-giving zone of the body. Freud identifies five stages of psychosexual development: the oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital. The oral phase starts from the moment of birth, when both needs and their fulfilment involve participation of child’s tongue, lips and teeth. Mouth is the first zone of body the child can control and due to this the most part of his sexual energy is focused on it. Later, when the child can control other parts of his body, a certain part of his energy still remains ‘cathected’ to his mouth. Therefore it is natural for a child to have a moderate interest to oral pleasures at this stage (Frager & Fadiman, 2000). As the child grows up new zones of pleasure appear. At age between two and four years the child is learning how to control the anal sphincter and bladder, they obtain much of his attention. The process of toilet training excites the child’s interest to self-discovery. Since parents interfere with elimination pleasures, the child develops ambivalent attitudes toward them. As children resolve the conflict between their needs for parental love and instinctual gratification they evolve lifelong attitudes toward cleanliness, orderliness, punctuality, submissiveness, and defiance (Bateman & Holmes, 1995). At the age of tree years the child enters the phallic stage of development: he focuses on his genitals. This phase is called phallic because the child starts to realize whether he has penis or not. At that point children understand the difference between two sexes. During phallic stage of development children treat their parents as a potential threat to fulfilment of their needs (Frager &

Athletic programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Athletic programs - Essay Example As I reflect upon my experiences from these sports programs, I believe that the lessons I have imbibed greatly contributed to my overall development as an individual. I reckon that the benefits I have derived from joining these programs make be better equipped in facing the challenges of high school life. As a part of the athletic programs, I have greatly appreciated the concept of teamwork. These programs have made me realize that through team effort goals would achieved more efficiently. Instead of working or playing on my own, I have grown to become a team player. In my high school years, this characteristic would help me relate with my group mates or peers both inside and outside the classroom. Moreover, participating in athletic programs has assisted me in gaining self-confidence. Through the guidance of trainers, I developed my belief in my skills as a soccer player, student and individual who is part of a team. This trait also enabled me to easily accept rejections and failures. As a high school student, this is vital because such gives me the courage to try various pursuits. Should I fail in these endeavors, I could easily inspire myself to improve and find ways to further hone my skills to succeed. The athletic programs have also molded me to embody sportsmanship.

The Outsourcing Industry Philippines Health And Social Care Essay

The Outsourcing Industry Philippines Health And Social Care Essay The outsourcing industry is currently a growing trend in the Philippines providing employment opportunities for many young professionals. The Philippine outsourcing industry has grown 46% annually since 2004 (Rivette, 2010) and is currently representing 21% of the $7.2 billion of total Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) revenues worldwide. With the increase in BPO employment opportunities, more and more young Filipino professionals are applying for and working as call center agents. Approximately 400,000 Filipinos are already employed as call center agents (Rivette, 2010) and with a growth rate of 46% annually, it can be estimated that another 200,000 Filipinos will be joining this work force next year. However, despite the economic benefits of the expansion of BPO in the Philippines, an increase in work-related diseases in call center companies have also been reported. The most researched work-related disease in call centers in the Philippines is on sexually transmitted infections, particularly HIV-AIDS. According to the study done by the UP Population Institute (2010), 20% of male call center agents are commercial sex workers while 14% of them give payment in exchange for sex. The study also showed that 1/3 of call center agents have had casual sex in the last 12 months. These statistics validate the increase in risky sexual behavior among call center agents in the Philippines. However, increase in risky sexual behavior is only a part of the lifestyle of most call center agents. Other poor lifestyle choices observed among call center agents is their patronage of fast food, smoking, consumption of alcohol, increased caffeine intake, decreased sleep, and decrease physical inactivity. Besides poor lifestyle choices, the nature of their work also predisposes them to stress and disturbances in their sleeping pattern. All of these factors predispose them to health problems particularly hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. A number of studies have already been condu cted on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and call center agents in the Philippines but there are currently no studies yet on the incidence of other diseases among call center agents. This study would like to bridge this information gap because knowledge on the development of other diseases like hypertension and diabetes are also as important as knowledge on the increased transmission of STIs among call center agents.    In this study, the researchers would like to explore the association between the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II among call center agents in the Philippines. As mentioned above, call center agents and their lifestyle predisposes them to developing diabetes. The researchers would like to address the problem of potentially developing Diabetes Mellitus because of the long-term complications of this disease on the quality of life. The researchers would want to specifically address Type II Diabetes Mellitus for the basic reason that this type of Diabetes develops primarily because of lifestyle factors. The researchers believe that knowledge on the association between call center agents and the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II is highly significant because of the health implications of this disease and its potential to be prevented. II. Significance of the Study The increasing trend of call center agencies in the country provides job opportunities to the increasing supply of graduates in the country. Being employed as a call center agent in a call center agency is assumed to increase the risk of predisposition to different disease entities because of the radical lifestyle changes one undergoes. With the increasing number of employed call center agents, there is therefore an increase in the number of people who are at risk of acquiring diseases. Few literature deals with call center agents that discusses the acquisition of certain diseases secondary to their occupation. This study aims to increase the fund of literature with regard to this. Diabetes Mellitus, Type II is a chronic and debilitating disease. Also, as said, this is a life-long disease. Once a person acquires this disease, he or she will forever be predisposed to the co-morbidities and effects of the disease; which in turn, will decrease ones number of productive life years.   Prevention is the most cost-efficient approach when targeting populations. If the results of this study will show an association between being a call center and acquiring Diabetes Type II, we would be able to address the gap in knowledge with regards to the association of being an employed call center agent and acquiring Diabetes Mellitus, Type II. Also this would provide additional data for policy makers to address measures with regards to the prevention of this disease. III. Scope of Limitations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study will only include employees in call centers in Ortigas, Philippines. The study will be done for a period of 5(?) years and will only determine if an individual will develop Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or not. The study will not quantify the degree and severity of the disease upon diagnosis. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) will be used in the diagnosis of DM, as it is the most reliable and convenient test for identifying DM in asymptomatic individuals (Fauci et al, 2008) and part of the guidelines used by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007). Individuals will be counted as cases if diagnosed with Type II DM through the course of the study. Cases will be provided with appropriate interventions (non-pharmacological, referral).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The study will exclude those who have the following at the start of the study: Type II DM, history of Diabetes in the immediate family, body mass index (BMI) above or below the normal value as per Asian standard, and more than or equal to 30 years of age. These exclusion criteria are the factors that can be controlled in selecting the individuals within the population that may predispose them to be identified as cases. IV. Review of Related Literature Call Center Industry According to a review done by OMaley (2008), the Philippines has been a major player in the outsourcing industry over the past ten years. Six major factors were identified to be the reasons why the Philippines participate radically in the said industry. One is the increasing government support for information technology investment despite the erratic political climate. Second is the continuous pooling of college graduates with good English communication skills and proficiency. It was stated in the review that 75% of the total population in the Philippines (according to a United Nations data) speak English fluently with a 94% literacy rate which gives a relative advantage in the industry as compared to other countries. Third is high knowledge about Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Fourth is the easy establishment of a reliable and reasonably priced telecommunication infrastructure. Fifth are the low costs but high quality locations of call center agencies. And lastly, sixth, the increasing trends of outsourcing globally. In that same article written by OMaley, it was said that the Philippines consistently ranks among the top five Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) locations globally. This shares a five-year-compounded annual growth rate of 38%. The Philippine BPO system was also coined as the major player in the growth of the service sector in the country. The Philippines plays a major role in supplying the demand for more call center agents as an effect of the global trending of outsourcing worldwide. According to the Philippine National Statistic Office (2010), call center activities ranked first among all BPO activities covering almost half of the total industry with 219 (48%) call center establishments.    With the increasing number of call center agencies, it is logical to say that there is also an increasing need for call center agents to work for such industry. Call center activities employ majority of the workers among all BPOs. In 2008, call center agencies employed about 150,000 workers (Philippine National Statistics Office, 2010). There are about 400,000 Filipinos who are currently employed as call center agents according to Rivette (2010). Call Center Agents According to  a policy provided by the Employment and Immigration Department of the Government of Alberta (2008), call center agents are the ones who respond to questions and inquiries, build customer relationships, resolve customer problems and provide information about company policies, products and services over the phone and via electronic communication. Working conditions from one call center to another may differ. According to that same policy, call center agents usually work indoors but in a rather open environment to decrease privacy. Further, managers are allowed to record and monitor the conversations of an agent and his or her customer. Working shifts also differ from one agency to another. Some agencies provide services 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Lifestyle of Call Center Agents and Associated Health Risk Factors Because of the nature of their work, call center agents usually live a lifestyle that may put them at risk for development of certain diseases. First, call center workers remained in a static sitting position 95% of the time (Rocha, 2005) which makes them prone to physical inactivity that may lead to obesity. Development of obesity is of significance because it is a risk factor for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II according to the AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force of 2007. Second, call center workers are exposed to a highly stressful environment. Call center workers identified call-time pressures i.e., having to process a customer call within a specific number of seconds as having the strongest relationship to job stress (Di Tecco et al, 1992). Another study identified having to deal with difficult customers as the most significant source of job stress in 54.0% of call center agents handling inbound services and 54.4% of call center agents handling outbound services (Lin et al, 2010). High levels of stress can lead to increased cortisol levels in the body which is of significance because of its effects on body metabolism. Abnormalities in body metabolism can lead to metabolic problems such as stress-induced obesity which may give rise to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia (Andrews, 2002). Third, the usual diet of call center agents is high in cholesterol and fat and low in fiber which puts them at risk for dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. In a study conducted by the UP Population Institute, they identified the usual lifestyle choices of young professionals in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. They studied the economic, social and health status of 929 young professionals less than 35 years old working at call centers and non call centers. The study revealed that there is a high level of consumption of chips, burgers, fries and fried chicken among the workers and a few number consume instant noodles and street food regularly. It was found out that fried chicken was the most popular food choice among Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) workers with 78% saying that they consume it regularly. Chips were the next most popular food choice with 54% saying they consume it regularly, followed by fries at 53% and burgers at 49%. High caffeine intake was also reported in 2/3 of a ll young professionals drinking coffee daily. However, the study pointed out that call center workers drank more coffee than non-call center workers. Call center workers drank 2.3 cups of coffee daily while non call center workers drank 1.7 cups daily. Tea intake was also reported where 1/4 of all call center workers drank tea while only 1/5 of non-call center workers drank tea. The study also revealed that 50% of all young workers drink soda daily at an average of 1.5 bottles or cans daily. The study also explored leisure activities of call center agents. Based on the UP Population Institute survey, 72% of call center agents said that their most common leisure activity is drinking compared to partying (62%) or videoke gimmicks (59%). The study said that overall there is a very high level of current drinking among workers, 85% for call center agents and 87% for non-call center agents. Fatty food and consumption of alcohol can increase triglyceride and cholesterol levels which is a risk factor for the development of diabetes (AACE, 2007). Fourth, sleep deprivation is common among call center agents. In the same study, they also found out that instead of the recommended 8 hours of sleep, call center agents only get 6.2 hours of sleep each day. Sleep deprivation can lead to metabolic disturbances and hormonal changes causing obesity (Merck) and consequently diabetes. Fifth, due to fatigue and lack of sleep, call center agents resort to smoking to cope with stress. They reported that 43% of call center employees smoke while only 21% of non call center agents smoke. A call center agent who smokes usually consumes 9 sticks a day on average. Smoking is a known risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis leading to hypertension and cardiac disease. Since hypertension and cardiac disease are risk factors for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (AACE, 2007), smoking may then predispose an individual in developing diabetes. Diseases Associated with Call Center Employees An increase in the turnover, absenteeism, and occupational diseases in call center employees resulted from lack of modernization of processes and organizational planning in call centers in Brazil (Rocha et al, 2005). A focused group investigation conducted in a call center employed with 200 individuals observed the presence of complaints of muscular pain, stomach aches, sleep alterations and irritability (Westin in Rocha et al, 2005). Work-related muscular disorders were found to be highly prevalent among the female than male call center employees, specifically on the neck/shoulder region (43%) and on the wrists/hands region (39%). It was observed that a combination of high demands and lack of work control among the female call center employees   reflect a highly stressful job that predispose them to the increased risk of having musculoskeletal disorders (Theorell in Rocha et al, 2005). The limitations of the study done by Rocha et al (2005) are that the analyses were limited to on e call center linked to a bank, cross-sectional design, small sample size, and symptom-based diagnosis (such as pain, numbing, dizziness, tingling sensation, stiffening, burning sensation). In a study done by dErrico et al (2010), the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the same region was assessed using the following inclusion criteria to preserved the specificity of the outcome, although it likely decreased its sensitivity: a) presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (pain, burning, stiffing, numbness or tingling) at any time during the last 28 days and b) consultation to a physical and or self-medication because of the symptoms. Also, the presence of any disease known to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, thyroid diseases, rheumatoid arthritis), previous injuries in the last five years, leisure physical activity, body mass index, smoking, marital status, educational level, gender, and age class were explored as potential confounders of the association between workplace factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. It was found in this study that 45% of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms wher ein neck (39%) symptoms were the most prevalent, followed by the shoulder (22%), handwrist (10%), and elbow (4%). Neck/shoulder symptoms were associated with low job control, elevated noise, poor desk lighting and impossibility to lean back while sitting. Elbow/hand-wrist symptoms were associated with short intervals between calls, insufficient working space, lack of forearm support, job insecurity, and long seniority in the industry. Other study that reported the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms among call center employees were done by Halford and Cohen (2003) wherein computer use factors and individual psychosocial factors were significantly associated with self-reporting of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms. Sudhashree et al (2005) stated in a column letter that the call center industry in India ranked high for attrition due to health reasons such as sleeping disorders (83%), voice loss (8.5%), ear problems (8.5%), digestive disorders (14.9%) and eye sight problems (10.6%). Burnout stress syndrome, which includes chronic fatigue, insomnia, and complete alteration of biological rhythm of the body are routine cause for sickness absenteeism. Chronic level of stress also affects other systems of the body such as the cardiovascular and endocrine. In a study done by Lin et al (2010) in a bank call center in Taiwan, call center employees have had prevalent complaints of musculoskeletal discomfort, eye strain, hoarseness, and sore throat. Also, it was found that those who perceived higher job stress had significantly increased risk of multiple health problems, including eye strain, tinnitus, hoarseness, sore throat, chronic cough with phlegm, chest tightness, irritable stomach or peptic ulcers, and musculoskeletal discomfort. In the Philippines, there are no studies about the health risks and occupational diseases associated among call center employees. However, there is a report of a rise in the number of Filipinos infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and includes the call center employees (Ruiz, 2010). Diabetes Mellitus,Type II Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders wherein there is an increase in blood sugar (hyperglycemia) resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, or both. There are many classifications of this disease entity based on the pathologic process that leads to hyperglycemia. In Type II DM, hyperglycemia resulted from a range of predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance (Fauci et al, 2008). It usually occurs among the older age group (> 30 years old) but there is an increasing diagnosis in the younger group (Tidy, 2009). Most symptoms of diabetes appear very late in the stage of the disease. A lot of diabetics do not have symptoms when their blood sugars are elevated for the first time (National Objectives for Health, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus worldwide, from ~30million cases in 1985 to 177 million in 2000. Type II DM is increasing more rapidly because of increasing obesity and reduced activity levels as countries become more industrialized, as in the case of many developing countries in Asia (Fauci et al, 2008). A nationwide prevalence survey in the Philippines by the Department of Health showed that four (4.1%) out of one hundred Filipinos are diabetics, and the prevalence was higher in urban (6.8%) than in rural (2.5%) areas. The World Health Organization estimates that there will be a doubling of prevalence of diabetes in Southeast Asia every five to ten years. Using this as assumption, the prevalence of diabetes in the Philippines is around 8 to 16 percent (National Objectives for Health, 2005). Also, the death rate in diabetes has risen from 4.3 per 100,000 population in 1984 to 7.1 per 100,000 population in 1993. It is important to note that there is underreporting of deaths due to diabetes, as shown by local studies, because of misclassification as deaths due to cardiovascular or renal disease both of which are chronic complications of DM (National Objectives for Health, 2005; Fauci et al, 2008). Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk factors and Diagnostics According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus (AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007), there are several risk factors to developing prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus. Such risk factors are (a) family history of diabetes, (b) cardiovascular disease, (c) overweight or obese state, (d) sedentary lifestyle, (e) Latino or Hispanic, Non-Hispanic black, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander ethnicity, (f) previously identified impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, (g) hypertension, (h) increased levels of triglycerides, low concentrations high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, or both, (i) history of gestational diabetes, (j) history of delivery of an infant with a birth weight > 9 pounds, (k) polycystic ovary syndrome, and (l) psychiatric illness. To diagnose Diabetes Mellitus, any one of the three criteria is sufficient in diagnosis the patient according to the AACE. These criteria are: (a) symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss and casual plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ dL, (b) fasting plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 126 mg/ dL, and (c) 2-hour postchallenge glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ dL during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test.    Diabetes Mellitus Prevention A study done by the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that intensive changes in lifestyle, quantified as diet and exercise for 30min/day five times/week in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) delayed the development of Type II DM by 58%. (Harrisons, 2008). It was also found out that Metformin slowed down the progression or halted the development of Type II DM by 31% compared to placebo. People with a strong predisposition to diabetes due to family history or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), are strongly advised to maintain a normal BMI and engage in regular exercise. According to the recent ADA Consensus panel, individuals with IFG and IGT who are at a high risk for progression to diabetes (age 35 kg/m2, family history of diabetes in the first-degree, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, hypertension, or A1C > 6.0%) could be appraised for Metformin treatment but not other medications. Acute complications of DM The acute complications of diabetes are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperoslomar state (HHS). Both disorders are associated with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, volume depletion, and acid-base abnormalities. These may lead to serious complications if not promptly remedied. Diabetic Ketoacidosis The usual signs and symptoms of DKA are   nausea and vomiting, hyperglycemia, hypotension, Kussmaul respirations, fruity oder on the patients breath, excessive thirtst, and polyuria. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis that is accompanied by secondary metabolic abnormalities. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State HHS may usually be seen in an elderly individual with Type II DM, with symptoms of polyuria, weight loss, and lessened oral intake that preceded mental confusion or coma. Physical examination shows profound dehydration and hyperosmolarity with concomitat hypotension, tachycardia, and altered mental state. In contrast to DKA, HHS does not present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and Kussmaul signs. Chronic complications of DM The chronicity of the disease brings about systemic involvement that affects multiple organ systems. Complications may be divided into nonvascular and vascular complications. Nonvascular complications include gastroparesis, skin changes, and cataracts. Vascular complications can be further subdivided into micro and macrovascular. Microvascular changes, which result from long standing hyperglycemia include retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Macrovascular changes include coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial diseases. (NIkki, Ill send you my draft. di ko lam kung tama. i Cant do the framework here.) Figure 1.Conceptual Framework V. Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the nature of the work and environment in a call center industry, the study aims to determine if working in a call center predisposes an individual to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Specifically, it aims: a.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To determine the incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus within the period of study. b.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To determine the etiologic factors associated with the development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. VI. References AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force (2007). American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clincial practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Practice. 13:3-68 Andrews, R.C., O. Herlihy, D.E.W. Livingstone et al. (2002). Abnormal cortisol metabolism and tissue sensitivity to cortisol in patients with glucose intolerance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 87 (12): 5587-5593. Di Tecco, D., Cwitco, G., Arsenault, A., Andre, M. (1992). Operator Stress and Monitoring Practices. Appl Ergon 23, 147-53. dErrico, A., Caputo, P., Falcone, U., Fubini, L., Gilardi, L., Mamo, C., Migliardi, A., Quarta, D., and Coffano, E. (2010). Risk factors for upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms among call center employees. Journal of Occupational Health. 52:115-124. Employment and Immigration. (2008). Alberta Occupational Profiles: Call Centre Agent. Government of Alberta. Retrieved September 10, 2010 from   http://alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp?aspAction=GetHTMLProfileformat=htmloccPro_ID=71002991 Fauci, AS., Braunwald, E., Kasper DL., Hauser, SL., Longo, DL., Jameson, JL.., and Loscalzo, J. (2008). Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed.   USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Halford, V., and Cohen, HH. (2003). Technology use and psychosocial factors in the self-reporting of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in call center workers. Journal of Safety Research. 34(2):167-173 Lin, YH., Chen, CY., HONG, WH., and Lin YC. (2010). Perceived job stress and health complaints at a bank call center: comparison between inbound and outbound services. Industrial Health. 48:349-356 Merck Manuals Online Medical Library (2010). Obesity. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from http://merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch156/ch156a.html National Objectives for Health. (2005). Retrieved 9 September 2010 from http://www2.doh.gov.ph/noh/3-2-3.pdf National Statistics Office. (2010). 2008 Annual Survey of Philippine Businesss and INdustry: Business Process Outsourcing Activities. Manila Philippines. Retrieved September 10, 2010   from http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/aspbi08_bpotx.html OMaley, R. (2008). Special Report Call Centres in the Philippines. Retrived September 10, 2010 from: www.callcentrehelper.com/special-report-in-the-philippines-2231.htm Rivette, D. (2010). The Emerging Philippine Value Proposition. Trestle Group Consulting. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from http://www.bpap.org/bpap/publications/ TG_SDS_PhilippineValueProposition_March2010%5B1%5D(2).pdf Rocha, LE., Glina, DMR., Marinho, MdF., and Nakasato, D. (2005). Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call center operators of a bank in Sà £o Paulo, Brazil. Industrial Health. 43:637-646 Ruiz, J. (2010). HIV cases soar among Filipino yuppies, call center workers. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/01/27/10/hiv-cases-soar-among-filipino-yuppies-call-center-workers Sudhashree, VP., Rohith, K. and Shrinivas, K. (2005). Issues and concerns of health among call center employees. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environment Medicine. 9 (3): 129-132 Tidy, C. (2009). Diabetes mellitus. Philippine Medics. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from http://www.philippinemedics.com/diabetes-mellitus/ UP Population Institute (2010). Lifestyle, Health Status and Behavior of Young Workers in Call Centers and Other Industries : Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. Retrieved 11 September 2010 from http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/08/05/10/call-center-workers-diet-fast- food-caffeine-and-alcohol